Design of Steel Structural Question Bank

 

Question Bank of Design of Steel Structural

1. What are the various types of connections used for connecting the structural members?

• Riveted connections
• Bolted connections
• Pin connections
• Welded connections

2. Define nominal diameter of rivet.

• It is the diameter of the rivet shank. 

3. Define gross diameter of rivet.

• It is the diameter of the rivet in the hole, measured after driving. 
• It is taken equal to the diameter of the rivet hole.

1. Gross diameter = Nominal diameter + 1.5 mm, ϕ ≤   24 mm. 
2. Gross diameter = Nominal diameter + 2.0 mm,  ϕ > 24 mm.

4. What is meant by gauge distance and edge distance?

• Gauge distance is the perpendicular distance between two adjacent gauge lines. This is also called as back pitch. 
• Edge distance is the distance of the edge of the member or the cover plates from the Centre of extreme rivet hole. Or it is the distance between the Centre of the outermost rivet and nearest edge of the member or cover plate.

5. Define staggered pitch.

• The staggered pitch is defined as the distance measured along one rivet line from the Centre of a rivet to the Centre of the adjoining rivet on the adjacent parallel rivet line.

• It is also called as alternate pitch or reeled pitch. 

6. What is meant by tensile stress?

• When a structural member is subjected to direct axial tensile load, the stress is known as tensile stress.
• The tensile stress is calculated on net cross-sectional area of the member.

Tensile stress = Force (P) / Area(A)

Where. P is the direct axial tensile load and A, is the net cross-sectional area of the member.

7. What is meant by compressive stress?

• When a structural member is subjected to direct axial compressive load, the stress is known as compressive stress .
• The compressive stress is calculated on gross cross-sectional area of the member.

8. Define bearing stress.

• When a load is exerted or transferred by the application of load through one surface for another surface in contact, the stress is known as bearing stress. 

9. What is working stress?

• The working stress is evaluated by dividing yield stress by factor of safety. 
• For the purpose of computing safe load carrying of a structural member, its strength is expressed in terms of working stress. 
• The actual stresses resulting in a structural member from design loads should not exceed working stress.
• The working stress is also termed as allowable stress or permissible stress. 

10. What are the methods employed for the design of the steel framework?

• Simple design
• Semi-rigid design
• Fully rigid design
• Plastic design.

11. What are the assumptions made in simple design?

• The beams are simply supported.
• All connections of beams, girders, or truss are virtually flexible and are proportioned for the reaction shears applied at the appropriate eccentricity.
• The members in compression are subjected to forces applied at the appropriate eccentricities.
• The members in tension are subjected to longitudinal forces applied over the net area of the sections.

12. Define Poisson's Ratio.

• The Poisson's ratio is defined as the ratio of Negative of the lateral or transverse strain to the longitudinal strain under an axial load. 
• Poisson’s ratio for material remains approximately constant within elastic limits.
• Poisson’s ratio is the unit less scalar quantity.

Poisson’s ratio = – Lateral strain / Longitudinal strain

1. For most materials, the value of Poisson’s ratio lies in the range from 0 to 0.5.
2. The value of Poisson's ratio for steel within the elastic region ranges from 0.27 to 0.33.
3. The value of Poisson's ratio for Concrete ranges from 0.10 to 0.20
4. Poisson’s ratio of cork is 0.0.

13. What are the types of riveted joints?

1. Lap joint

• Single riveted lap joint
• Double riveted lap joint

2. Butt joint

• Single cover butt joint
• Double cover butt joint

14. What are the types of failures occur in riveted joint?

• Shear failure of rivets
• Shear failure of plates
• Tearing failure of rivets
• Bearing failure of plates
• Splitting failure of plates at the edges
• Bearing failure of rivets.

15. What are the assumptions made for designing riveted joint?

• The load is assumed to be uniformly distributed among all the rivets.
• The shear stress on a rivet is assumed to be uniformly distributed over its gross area.
• The bearing stress is assumed to be uniform between the contact surfaces of plate and rivet.
• The bending stress in a rivet is neglected.
• The rivet hole is assumed to be completely filled by the rivet.
• The stress in plate is assumed to be neglected.
• The friction between plates is neglected.

16. Minimum pitch and Maximum pitch.

Minimum pitch 

• Should not be less than 2.5 times the nominal diameter of the rivet.

Maximum pitch

• The maximum pitch should not exceed 12 t or 200 mm whichever is less in case of compression member.
• 16 t or 300 mm whichever is less in case of tension member.
• Any two adjacent rivets(including tacking rivet) should not exceed 32 t or 300 mm whichever is less, where t is the thickness of the thinner outside plate.

Tacking rivet provide along the length.

17. What is edge distance?

• A minimum edge distance of approximately 1.5 times the gross diameter of the rivet measured from the Centre of the rivet hole is provided in the rivet joint.

18. What are the various types of bolts used for structural purposes?

• Unfinished bolts
• Turned bolts
• High strength bolts

19. What is welding ?

• Welding is the process of joining two or more metal part under the application of heat or without pressure.

20. Advantages of welding.

• The welding may be done quickly in comparison to the riveting.
• The welded joints have better appearance than riveted joints.
• There is safety of welding operator in the welding.
• The welded joints are more rigid than the riveted joints

21. Disadvantages of welding.

• The members are likely to distort in the process of welding.
• A welded joint fails earlier than riveted joint, if the structure is under fatigue stresses.
• There is a greater possibility of brittle fracture in welding than the rivet.
• The inspection of welded joint is more difficult and more expensive than the riveted joint
• More skilled person is required in the welding than in the riveting.

22. What are the various types of welded joints?

• Butt weld
• Fillet weld
• Plug and Slog weld

23. What is the effective area of butt weld?

• The effective area of a butt weld is taken as the product of the effective throat thickness and the effective length of butt weld.

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